【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradabilityofRadiolabeledPlasticMaterialsinaLaboratory-ScaleSimulatedLandfillEnvironment
【原文标准名称】:在实验室模拟陆地环境下测定放射性塑料物质厌氧生物降解性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6776-2002
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradability;landfills;methaneproduction;radiolabeledmethod
【摘要】:ThismethodcanbeusedtoassesstheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofpolymericcomponentsofMSWsuchaspackagingmaterialsandtocomparetheirbiodegradabilitytothatofmaterialsroutinelyburiedinlandfillssuchasofficepaperandnewsprint.Theprocedurecanbecompletedin6to9months.Thistimeframemakesitpossibletoconsiderwastemanagementduringproductdesign.Thedatafromthismethodmakesitpossibletocharacterizethebehaviorofconsumerproductsattheendoftheirusefullifewhentheyenterthesolidwastemanagementsystem.Limitations8212;Becausedecompositioninthistestisaccelerated,theresultsreflecttheultimatebiodegradabilityofamaterialinalandfill.Theactualrateofdegradabilityinafull-scalelandfillwillbeaffectedbylandfillenvironmentalconditionsaswellasthephysicalcharacteristicsofthematerialwhenactuallyburied.1.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofamaterialunderconditionsthatsimulateaccelerateddecompositioninamunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)landfill.Thetestmethodrequirestheuseofa14C-labeledmaterialsothatbiodegradabilitycanbedeterminedbymonitoringformethane(14CH4)andgaseousandaqueouscarbondioxide(14CO2(g)and14CO2(aq)),whicharetheterminalendproductsofmethanogenicdecomposition.Methanogenicconditionstypicallycontroldecompositioninlandfills.Note18212;AmorecompletedescriptionofthisdecompositionisfoundinReference(3).1.2ThismethodcouldbeappliedtolandfillsthatcontainmaterialsotherthanMSW.14C-Radiolabeledmaterialwillbeaddedtocompostsuchthatbetween25ciand75956;ciactivityper2litresoftestrefuseresults.Note28212;Addingmoreradiolabelisdesirablebecause,ifthematerialbiodegrades,therewillbelittleresidualradiolabelleftattheendofthedecompositionexperiment,whichiswhentherefuseisremovedfromareactorandanalyzedforresidualradiolabeltoperformamassbalance.Inaddition,ifinsufficientradiolabelisadded,thenCH4andCO2(g)productionfromtheaddedrefusewilldilutethe14CH4and14CO2(g)fromdecompositionofthetestmaterial,andthelabeledgasesmaynotbedetectedinthereactoroffgas.1.3Thismeasureofanaerobicbiodegradabilityinthelaboratoryrepresentswhatwillultimatelyoccurinalandfilloveralongperiod.Thetestconditionsspecifiedherearedesignedtoacceleraterefusedecompositionsuchthattheentiredecompositioncyclecanbecompletedinsixmonths.Note38212;Thiscyclemayrequiredecadesinalandfilldependingupontheactualenvironmentalconditions(moisturecontent,pH,temperature).1.4Themeasuredbiodegradabilityobtainedhereiscomparedtothebiodegradabilityofbothpureandlignifiedcellulose,whicharechemicallysimilartoofficepaperandnewsprint,bothofwhichareroutinelyburiedinlandfills.Note48212;ThedegradabilityofthereferencedcompoundsisdescribedinReferences(2)and(5).Atthistime,thereisnostandardconcerningtheextenttowhichacompoundmustbiodegradeunderthetestconditionsdescribedheretobeconsideredbiodegradable.Thus,thistestismostappropriatelyusedtomeasurebiodegradabilityrelativetopureandlignifiedcellulose.1.5Thesafetyproblemsassociatedwithrefuseandradioactivityarenotaddressedinthisstandard.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpractices.Itisalsoincumbentontheusertoconformtoalltheregulatoryrequirements,specificallythosethatrelatetotheuseofopenradioactiv......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Gasturbinesandgasturbinesets.Measurementofemittedairbornenoise.Engineering/surveymethod.
【原文标准名称】:燃气轮机和燃气轮机组.排放的空气中噪声的测量.工程/考察方法
【标准号】:NFE37-502-1994
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1994-09-01
【实施或试行日期】:1994-09-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:噪声辐射;测定;发动机;声学试验;声学;试验条件;燃气轮机;声学测量;试验;声试验;空气噪声测量;噪声(环境的);声功率;内燃机;声压;声级;混响;试验;空气噪声
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:J91
【国际标准分类号】:27_040
【页数】:28P;A4
【正文语种】:其他